INTRODUCTION:

Organ donation is term used when the organs of one individual are donated to another person with his or her consent while the donor is alive or dead. Common organ donations are heart, kidney, liver, cornea of the eyes, bones, bone marrow, lungs, pancreas, intestine, skin. A live person can donate his/her organ.

Some of the organs donated by living donor, are single-kidney part of the liver, part of the pancreas, parts of the lungs, part of the intestine.

The decision of organ donation can be taken by any person in any stage of his/her life. But permission of his/her family is needed at the time of cadaver donation. The registration is necessary for the organ donation. Any person can register his/her organ donation at NGO, hospital or organ donation foundation or any affiliated institution from the organ donation. The foundation will issue a card with brief information of person and his/her organ donation. Currently more than 5,000 kidneys, 1000 livers and more than 15 hearts are transplantedannually (NOTTO, 2014)¹.

It will further help us in improving health education initiatives thereby removing the hurdles behind organ donation². In this modern world, organ donation and transplantation has become an important part for treating various diseases³. Doctors and various health professionals keeps on trying to educate community people the importance of organ donation⁴. The Present study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitude, and willingness toward organ donation of selected school students.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Study design:

This study used Quantitative approach withPre-Experimental research design one group Pre-test Post-test design⁵.

Ethics considerations:

The ethical clearance was obtained from university research ethics committee and the study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines laid by Indian Council of Medical Research ICMR (2006). All participants were informed of the study objectives, procedures and potential risks, and informed that they have the right to withdraw at any time. Written consent was obtained from the participants.

Sample and settings:

A sample of 60 higher secondary school students studying in 12^thclass of SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Jammu participated in this study with the prior permission from the Principal of selected higher secondary schools. The Inclusion criteria were as follows: i) 12^th class students ii) Those who were willing to participate in the study. The Exclusion criteria were as follows: i) Those who were not willing to participate in the study ii) those who were not Present on the day of data collection

Sampling and recruitment method:

The sample was selected through Purposive Sampling Technique. Teaching was given with Lecture cum discussion with the help of power-point Presentation. The study was conducted during the period from March to June 2022 in the state of Jammu, India

Description of Data collection procedure:

The data was collected using two tools: Tool one consisted of demographic variables and structured knowledge questionnaire. The demographic variable such as age, sex, religion, education, residential place, prior information. Structured knowledge questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding organ donation .second tool was a Five point likert scale which was formulated to assess the level of attitude among students regarding organ donation. The reliability coefficient for structured knowledge questionnaire was calculated by using Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR₂₀) formula and it was found to be 0.8. The researcher collected the Pretest on day 1 and on day 2 gave the intervention. After a period of 15 days the Post test was conducted (Table 1).

Table 1 showing detail description of data collection

Group

Pre-test

Intervention

Post-test

Day 1^st

Day 2^nd

Day 15^th

School students

N=60

Knowledge

Attitude

Implementation of structured teaching program on organ donation through lecture cum discussion with the help of power point slides and videos including importance, sources, advantages, disadvantages, sindications, contraindications and myths related to organ donation.

Knowledge

Attitude

N= number of students

Statistics:

KS (Kolomogorov- smirnov) test was applied to check the normality of the data. Data was normally distributed hence parametric tests were applied. Analysis and interpretation of data of this study was done by description and inferential statistics⁷. Analysis was done by SPSS, version 16. A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Descriptive statistics:

Frequency, Percentage, Range of score, Mean, Median and Standard Deviation was calculated.

Inferential statistics:

ANOVA and t-test was used for association of selected sample characteristics with knowledge among higher school students⁸.

The objectives of this study are as under:

1. To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding organ donation among students of selected Schoolsof Jammu.

2. To assess the existing level of attitude regarding organ donation among students of selected Schools of Jammu.

3. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude among students of selected Schoolsof Jammu.

4. To find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude among students regarding organ donation after administration of structure teaching program.

5. To determine the association of Pre- test level of knowledge regarding organ donation among students with their selected demographic variables.

6. To determine the association of Post–test level of knowledge regarding organ donation among students with their selected demographic variables.

Following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance:

H1: There is a significant difference between the Pre-test and Post-test level of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among students of selected Schoolsof Jammu.

H2: There is a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation.

H3: There is a significant association between Pre-testand Post-test level of knowledge score regarding organ donation and their selected demographic variables.

RESULT:

Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done with SPSS version 16. Result of the study shows that structured teaching program was effective in improving the knowledge and Attitude of higher secondary school students

1. Findings related to selected sample characteristics:

Most of the students 38(63.33%) were in the age group between 14-15 years and 18(30%) were in the age between 15-16 years and 2(3.33%) were in the age between 17-18 years and 0% were above 18 years. As per sex 35(58.33%) were males and 25(41.66%) were females. Regarding religion 43(71.66%) belong to Hindu religion and 16(26.66%) Muslim religion and 1(1.66%) were belong to Sikh religion. 50(83.33%) students were aware about organ donation, and 10(16.66) % students was no information regarding organ donation. 40(66.66%) source of information was Social media, 18(30%) source of information was health professional and 2(3.33%) source of information was Family members and relatives. As per types of family 36(60%) students lives in nuclear family and 24(40%) lives in joint family.

2. Evaluation of effectiveness of the structured teaching program regarding organ donation:

Figure 1 shows result of Pretest and Post test knowledge score obtained by school students before and after the structured teaching program. Figure 2 shows result of Pretest and Post test Attitude score obtained by school students before and after the structured teaching program.

Table:2 shows that mean Post test knowledge score was 15.35 and mean Pre test knowledge score was found to be 7.93 with mean difference of 7.42. The computed “t” value (19.32) was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance, which means that it was true difference and not by chance. Thus we reject the null hypothesis (H₀₁) and accept the research hypothesis (H₁).

Table 2: Pre and Post test level of knowledge on organ donation among school students N=60

Knowledge Score	Mean	M _D	SD_D	SE_MD	‘t’ value	p value
Pre test	7.93	7.42	0.166	3.75	19.32	0.000
Post Test	15.35

“t”(60) = 1.671 at 0.05 level of significance

**highly significant(p<=0.001)

MD= mean difference, SDD=standard deviation difference, SEMD= standard error mean deviation

Table 3 Shows that mean Post test attitude score was (39.22) and mean Pre test attitude score was (28.47) with mean difference of 10.75. The computed ”t” value (19.256) was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance, which means that it was a true difference and not by chance. Hence the null hypothesis (H₀₁) was rejected and research hypothesis (H₁) was accepted.

Table 3: level of attitude on organ donation among school students N=60

Attitude Score	Mean	M _D	SD_D	SE_MD	‘t’ value	p value
Pre test	28.47	10.75	0.874	0.558	19.256	0.000
Post Test	39.22

“t”(60 )=1.671 at 0.05 level of significance

**highly significant(p<=0.001)

MD= mean difference, SDD=standard deviation difference, SEMD= standard error mean deviation

3. Correlation between knowledge and attitude scores:

The correlation between knowledge and attitude Pre test score was0.053(0.687) and were Post test attitude and knowledge score was -0.325(0.01) at significant (p<=0.05) level of significance. These values show that there is significant correlation between knowledge and attitude. Hence we rejected the null hypothesis (H₀₂) and accepted the research hypothesis (H₂).

4. Association of the Pre test scores with the sample characteristics:

Association between Pre test knowledge score with their demographic variables. Regarding age ꭓ²value was 1.71, Gender ꭓ²value was 1.11, according to religion ꭓ²value was1.6, according to residence ꭓ²was0.25, according to awareness ꭓ²value was 1.19, source of information ꭓ²value was 0.82, according to types of family ꭓ² was 0.13 at 0.05 level of significance. Thus we accept the null hypo-thesis (H₀₃) and reject the research hypothesis (H₃).

Association between Post-test knowledge score with their demographic variables. Regarding age ꭓ² was 0.63, regarding Gender ꭓ²value was 0.26, according to religion ꭓ²value was 1.17, according to residence ꭓ²was 3.35, regarding awareness ꭓ²value was 1.115, source of information ꭓ²value was 0.48, according to types of family ꭓ² was 0.385 at 0.05 level of significance. Thus we accept the null hypothesis (H₀) and reject the research hypothesis (H₃).

DISCUSSION:

In the Present study there was significant difference in the mean Pre test and Post test knowledge score. The mean Post test knowledge score was (15.35) higher than the mean Pre test knowledge score was (7.93). the computed ‘t’ test value was (19.32) and ‘p’ value is 0.000 p<0.05 indicates significance difference between Pre test and Post test score. This indicate the improvement in knowledge after administration of structure teaching programs regarding organ donation. these findings were consistent with a study G Gowri, G Geetha, AR Bharathi (2021) the selected study design was Pre-experimental design. The study findings shows thatwerePost test mean score was (12.05) higher than Pre test mean score (7.08) and computed ‘t’ value was7.63 which shows high significant at p<0.05. it shows the effectiveness of structured teaching programme.⁹

In this study obtained Pre test attitude mean score was 28.47 with standard deviation 0.874, and Post test attitude score was 39.22, which higher than Pre test attitude score and standard deviation score was 0.874, and the mean difference of Pre and Post test was 10.75 the ‘t’ test value is 19.256 and ‘p’ value is 0.000 which show highly significant at 0.05 level of significance. These findings were compare with a study Nirmala M*, Leena J, Reena RCJ, Keerthana B, SheebaShalini R, (2018)¹⁰

LIMITATIONS:

Due to time and conditions limitation, our study has some limitations. This was a Pre-experimental study and administered in only one school. The limitation of this design include its small sample size, potential desirability bias, selection bias, and limited external validity. The positive effects of the intervention was evaluated within 15 days, further studies could examine the effect beyond 1 month.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion of Present study is that education plays fundamental role in bringing changes in knowledge and attitude of the organ donation. The investigators found that the structured teaching program increased the knowledge and attitude among students of SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Jammu.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

We thank all the students and teachers who contributed in the study.

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Received on 13.09.2023 Modified on 29.11.2023

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024; 14(2):133-136.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2024.00026